What is Sarcopenia - 1713 Words

Sarcopenia is a degenerative disease frequently associated with the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength. Risk of sarcopenia increases at a rate of 3-8% per decade after age 30 and continues to accelerate after the fifth decade of life (1, 616; 2, 1). Contributing factors of muscle degeneration include: sedentary lifestyle, malnutrition, reduced protein turnover rate, lowered insulin response, inflammatory changes, and decreased anabolic hormone production (3, 1073). Dietary protein is essential in order to build muscle and avoid loss of lean body mass (4, 686). Evidence indicates increased protein intake above the RDA of 0.8 g/kg per day in older adults will increase the anabolic response of muscle (3, 1073). High dietary protein†¦show more content†¦A recent study observed the effects of amino acid infusion and results showed greater protein synthesis and no change in protein breakdown; indicating increased amino acids are anabolic to muscle in healthy older adults (3, 1076). A moderate serving of a 113 gram serving of lean protein containing 30 grams of amino acids and 10 grams of essential amino acids increases muscle protein synthesis by approximately 50% in the older adult population (1, 621). Leucine is an essential amino acid recognized as particularly important for signaling and muscle building (3, 1077). Leucine is activated through the pathway of a kinase known as mTOR (3, 1078). Messenger ribonucleic acid translation, or mTOR, targets proteins involved in mRNA translation (3, 1078). Branched chain amino acid leucine with resistance exercise training is proposed to regenerates muscle and enhances anabolic pathways while inhibiting catabolic pathways (2, 6). Leucine is a direct stimulate for muscle protein synthesis through increasing messenger ribonucleic acid translation (3, 1077). Protein synthesis was fully restored when 46% leucine enriched bolus was distributed to a sample of older adults (2, 2). Leucine at levels of 26% (1.72 g leucine) and 41% (2.79 g leucine) bolus increased muscle strength in the young but only the 41% bolus of leucine essential amino acids was effective in older adults (1, 621). Leucine-enriched amino acids, with levels of leucineShow MoreRe latedGym Essay707 Words   |  3 PagesWhat Healthy Senior Women Are Up To At The Gym Many studies out there show the benefits of seniors making a regular trip to the gym. In fact, the older we get, the more we need to keep our muscles strong. Sarcopenia As the years go by, the muscular cells in our body waste away due to lack of use or by the damaging effects of free radicals, inflammation, and hormonal imbalance during menopause, or mitochondrial dysfunction. All together, these factors are called Sarcopenia, the natural weakeningRead MoreHealth Concerns On Elderly And Causes And Consequences Of Malnutrition : What Is Specific For Elderly?1314 Words   |  6 PagesNutritional concern in elderly causes consequences of malnutrition: What is specific for elderly? Universally, the number of older adults is growing faster than any other age group. Specifically, by 2030, individuals age 65 and over will be about one-fifth (1/5) of the U.S. population Energy requirements decline in the older adults because of the lower energy expended in physical activity and decreased basal metabolic rate. According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020, the estimatedRead MoreTreatment For Age Related Diseases1496 Words   |  6 Pages2000). Therefore, identifying the elements and processes involved in muscle stem cell function is necessary in order to improve our methods of treatment for age-related diseases. The biological processes that are involved in the development of sarcopenia are identified as multifactorial (Egerman et al., 2015). The major elements that play a role in the progression of aging is the decline in satellite cell number, weakened satellite cell function, and the decrease in regenerative potential (SinhaRead MoreEffects Of Obesity On Aging And Cognitive Health900 Words   |  4 Pagesthus can overcome what was once considered the natural process of aging. Lifestyle itself includes diet, exercise and water intake. It also consists of whether or not an individual smokes, how many and how often they take prescription drugs, and alcohol consumption. This paper will focus on diet as it pertains to aging. Discussions will include the effect of specific diets on aging and cognitive health, which vitamins or minerals are necessary for â€Å"graceful aging†, and what happens when dietRead MoreWritten Analysis and Discussion of BVs Diet817 Words   |  3 PagesWhen looking at her health from a holistic perspective, BV meets and exceeds what is expected of a 73-year-old female. She is of a healthy weight range based on her BMI (18.8), never uses tobacco or alcohol, exercises regularly to prevent sa rcopenia that affects many of her demographic, is happily married and living with her husband, and has no concerns about her nutrition and is satisfied with her current weight. BV recorded her food history for a 24-hour period and she was confident that thisRead MoreThe Physical Activity Guidelines For Americans ( U.s. Department Of Health And Human Services918 Words   |  4 Pagesbut also to ensure a long healthy life that can be enjoyed with loved ones. Most people realize the importance of eating a well-balanced, nutritious diet and drinking plenty of water to be healthy. However, when it comes to exercise, opinions vary on what is best. Many doctors urge patients to simply walk more, however, an equivalent amount of time spent performing some form of resistance training versus walking may be the superior choice. Resistance (or strength) training improves a person’s overallRead MoreBenefits Of A Healthy Lifestyle901 Words   |  4 Pagesgreater risk for high blood pres sure. The physical benefits of weight training are that it reduces body fat and combats illness. Weight training combats more than just hypertension. Research suggests that weight training helps combat: osteoporosis, sarcopenia, diabetes, heart disease, and cancer (Winett Carpinelli, 2001). Diet: Restricted fried food. Diet is essential to having a healthy lifestyle. The body needs key nutrients from different foods to help the body function properly. Fried food is veryRead MoreCommon Knowledge That Fruit Is A Healthy Food Choice1224 Words   |  5 Pagesexample, pH 12 is 10 times more alkaline than pH 11 and is 100 times more alkaline than pH 10. C. Characteristics of Acids and Bases To better understand pH levels, it is essential to know the differences between an acid and a base or alkaline and what makes a food acidic or basic. Acids â€Å"taste sour, have a pH of less than 7, and will turn a pH strip red† (Science Geek). A neutral substance does not contain any of the characteristics of an acid or a base. It does not change the color of the pH stripRead MoreA Lifestyle : The Pros And Cons Essay1133 Words   |  5 Pagesgymnast and fitness coach, CrossFit now sweeps across the nation. The CrossFit workouts consist of functional movements that are performed at a high intensity. These movements are the best reflections of gymnastics, weightlifting, running, rowing etc. (what is CrossFit, 2016). 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Homes for the Elderly-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Critical reflect on the Scenario Elderly Abuse. Answer: Experience According to the article by David Lewis dated 27/9/2016, Mr Zdenek Selir who had been diagnosed with stroke and taken to a Gold Coast nursing home died due to lack of close patient monitoring and lack of treatment of pressure wounds. From the family, their kin Mr Selir was not provided with proper care at the Leamington nursing home. The Southport Aged Care Complaints Commissioner agreed with the family that Mr Selir had been neglected and that he had not been monitored closely. The pressure wounds were discovered on the patient only after a family member came to visit the patient in the nursing home and realized a foul smell. On closer observation, it was discovered that Mr Selir had pressure wounds on the back, the lower parts of his buttocks and on the heel. On his buttocks, Mr Selir had developed a pressure wound extending over 15 centimetres. According to the article, Mr Selir had been left in a chair for long without being rotated. Having been diagnosed with stroke, he could no te rotate himself and therefore his blood circulation was impaired. Mr Selir was taken to hospital immediately but then died before he could get any help. It was then that the Aged Care Complaints Commissioner recommended that the Leamington nursing home staff be trained technical on wound management. Feelings From the event, the undeserved death of Mr Selir made feel very sorry for his family who expected appropriate care for their kin in the Leamington nursing home but got the opposite. I felt disappointed with the staff members of the nursing home for failing to rotate the patient while he remained in the fall-out-chair for too long. I was even more disappointed considering that they could not simply realize the foul smell from Mr Selir and take it upon themselves to take him to hospital. The death of Mr Selir was actually disturbing as it occurred as a result of negligence according to me. Evaluation From the patients perspective and that of his family this event had no positive aspect. This is because Mr Selir did not get the required attention at the nursing home. The staff at the facility did not monitor his state and left him to suffer circulation impairment and thus ended up with pressure wounds. Another negative aspect is that the staff did not manage his wounds and did not take him to hospital early enough for wound treatment. From the nurses perspective, the positive aspect from the incident is that they learnt the need to be closely monitoring patients under their care in line with the ACQSHC. It is also positive that they will be provided with special training on wound management as recommended by the Aged Care Complaints Commissioner. The negative aspect of the incident on the nurses perspective was that they felt the guilt of not monitoring the patient. Further, the nurses did not implement fully the ACQSHC and did not take the patient early enough to hospital making to succumb to the wounds. Analysis From the incident, I now understand that there is need as a nurse to ensure that the safety of my patient remains a top priority. I have learnt that healthcare teams must ensure that they carry out a day to day assessment of patients in critical care units to ensure any deterioration in their health is prevented before it seriously affects them as indicated in Khandelwal (2012). I have been able to understand that monitoring a patients progress proactively cannot only inform a nurse on the patient medical needs but can save the patients life. This particular incident has really widened my knowledge especially on the safety standards required in acute care for patients with stroke and those who face the danger of developing gangrene. More particularly, I have realized that gangrene if left to spread can be terminal in a number of patients as also emphasized in Khandelwal (2012). Further, I have discovered that wound management t training is important especially for healthcare provider s in nursing homes for the elderly. To enhance my own learning from this event, I will continuously be reviewing the ACQSHC standards on patient safety under care to ensure that I remain abreast of the latest standards that I should practice as a nurse. I will also be reviewing evidence based nursing materials from best practice institutions and individuals in the field. This will help me understand further, the need for proactive evidence based nursing care. Further, to enhance my learning, I will ensure that I not only engage my own reflection on this event but I discuss the event with fellow nurses on the best way of preventing gangrene in patients that have long hospital stays. According to the Acute Stroke Clinical Care Standards (2015), there is need for nurses caring for stroke patients to be given training and technical support in order for them to provide proper care to these patients. The Australian Safety and Quality Framework for Health Care calls upon nurses to ensure that they improve they improve continuity of healthcare by doing regular updates of patients clinical status and their intended treatment plan in order to avoid negligence as per the case of Mr Selir. There is also a need to minimise healthcare risks during handovers from one health team member to another by preventing misinformation on patients clinical requirements (Howell et al, 2007). Crucial in nursing, is the aspect of the need to provide evidence based care and ensuring that any provided guidelines in caring for patients under best practice are followed to the later to prevent variation in care delivery (Morse Finkelstein, 2009). On safety of patients, healthcare providers sho uld ensure that there is time to time patient assessment so as to protect them from harm that could be caused by a nurses errors in routine healthcare provision. Action Plan From the ACQSHC framework, as a future registered nurse I will take a number of actions to prevent the occurrence of such a death due to negligence, lack of information on care, technical support insufficiency among others. First I will ensure that patients, their families and my fellow health care providers are actively involved in ensuring the safety and quality of care in the acute stroke unit. I will work together with the healthcare team to minimise any risks during handovers from one healthcare provider to another as recommended in Howell et al (2007). Considering the aspect of consumer centred care, I will openly inform the family and patient in case anything goes wrong. In terms of evidence based care, I will ensure that my team of HCPs provides the best services to the patients in the acute stroke unit based on best evidence. I will also use the provided guidelines in caring for patients in order to prevent variation in care delivery according to ACSQHC (2015). In regard to safety, I will ensure that the time to time patient evaluations carried out are used to inform safety actions in order to prevent any harm that would result from errors on the part of the healthcare.. References Acute Stroke Clinical Care Standards 2015. Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care. Acute Stroke Clinical Care Standard. Sydney: ACSQHC, 2015. Howell, E., Graham, C., Hoffman, A., Lowe, D., McKevitt, C., Reeves, R., Rudd, A. (2007). Comparison of patients' assessments of the quality of stroke care with audit findings.Quality And Safety In Health Care,16(6), 450-455. Khandelwal, R. (2012). Fourniers Gangrene Severity Index as a Predictor of Outcome in Patients with Fourniers Gangrene: A Prospective Clinical Study at a Tertiary Care Center.Journal Of Young Medical Researchers,1(1). Morse, C., Finkelstein, J. (2009). Fundamentals of health care improvement: a guide to improving your patients' care.Quality And Safety In Health Care,18(5), 416-416. Redley, B., Bucknall, T., Evans, S., Botti, M. (2016). Inter-professional clinical handover in post-anaesthetic care units: tools to improve quality and safety.International Journal For Quality In Health Care,28(5), 573-579. Redley, B., Bucknall, T., Evans, S., Botti, M. (2016). Inter-professional clinical handover in post-anaesthetic care units: tools to improve quality and safety.International Journal For Quality In Health Care,28(5), 573-579. Tong, D. (2008). Review: Organized stroke unit care reduces mortality more than other forms of care in patients hospitalized with stroke.Annals Of Internal Medicine,148(12), JC4. Walton, M., Shaw, T., Barnet, S., Ross, J. (2006). Developing a national patient safety education framework for Australia.Quality And Safety In Health Care,15(6), 437-442.